What is Encapsulation in PHP?

In PHP, encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (oops) that binds the data and methods within a class. It provides us protective barrier around the internal workings of an object.

In PHP, encapsulation means wrapping up data members and methods (functions) in a single module. In other words, it is a technique of binding data members and methods.

Hiding the essential internal property of that module is known as data abstraction.

When we wrap up data members and methods together into a single unit that is called Encapsulation.

It allows us to change class to internal implementation without affecting the overall functioning of the system.

1. Data Hiding
2. Code Organization and Maintainability
3. Code Reusability
4. Abstraction
5. Security and Validation
6. Flexibility and Extensibility

1. Increased Complexity
2. Overhead in Performance
3. Dependency on Class Structure
4. Limited Accessibility
5. Potential for Code Duplication
6. Testing Challenges

<?php  
class car{  
   public $name;  
   public $price;  
   function __construct($n, $p)  {  
        $this->name=$n;  
	$this->price=$m;  
   }  
   public function setPrice($pr){  
      $this->pr=$pr;  
   }  
   public function display(){  
      echo  "We have Kids Toy : ".$this->name."<br/>";  
      return $this->color=$this->pr;   
   }  
}     
// Create a Car object and set Car name, price
$obj=new car("THAR",5000000); 

// Update the car price setPrice() method
$obj->setPrice(900000);  

// Display the updated Price
echo "Price: ".$obj->display(); 
?>

Output

<?php
class calculator{
    var $x=100;
    var $y=50;
    function sum(){
        $res=$this->x+$this->y;
        echo "Addition (X+Y): ".$res."<br/>";
    }
    function sub(){
        $res=$this->x-$this->y;
        echo "Subtraction(X-Y): ".$res."<br/>";
    }
    function mult(){
        $res=$this->x*$this->y;
        echo "Multiplication (X*Y): ".$res."<br/>";
    }
    function div(){
        $res=$this->x/$this->y;
        echo "Division(x/y) : ".$res."<br/>";
    }
}
$obj= new calculator( );
$obj->sum();
$obj->sub();
$obj->mult();
$obj->div();
?>